تعليم القواعد النحوية الفعال لغير الناطقين باللغة العربية

في مناىج تعليم اللغة العربية لغتَ الناطقتُ بها ولأبنائها تعتبر القواعد من أكثر المجالات غموضا وصعوبة. فهناك أسئلة تطلب النقاش والإجابة الواضحة تتعلق بها، منها: كيف تقديم القواعد ومعالجتها في تعليم اللغة العربية لغتَ الناطقتُ بها؟، وىل ما نقدمو مفيد ونافع للدارستُ وضروري لتحقيق أىدافهم من تعلّم اللغة؟، ىل ىذا ىو الوقت الدناسب لتقديدو؟، ولداذا ندرس القواعد بهذا المحتوى وبتلك الطريقة؟. وإجابة ىذه الأسئلة توجو الددرس إلى اختيار القواعد الدقدمة وإلى تدريسها بشكل لستلف وفّعال الذي يؤدي إلى أقصى درجة لشكنة من التعلّم بأقصر الطرق وأقلّها جهًدا ووقتًا مع الحصول على أكبر قدر من الدكاسب التًبوية الأخرى، وفي تعليم القواعد النحوية طرق متنوعة يدكن للمدرس اختيارىا وبذريبها وتنسيقها، وفعاليتها تتأثر بأمور أو عوامل تربوية عديدة متًابطة تطلب منالددرس الدراعاة والاىتمام بها.الكلمات الرئيسية: التعليم الفعال- القواعد النحوية الوظيفية- طرق التعلي

Pengendalian kes perceraian di mahkamah syariah Perlis : satu tinjauan / Prof. Madya Che Latifah Hj. Ismail , Abd Aziz Harjin and Abdul Muin Abdul Rahman

Perkahwinan merupakan suatu sunnah yang telah ditetapkan oleh Allah s.w.t. bagi sesiapa yang berhasrat melakukkannya. Bagaimanapun apabila ianya tidak dapat diteruskan lagi maka perceraian dibenarkan oleh Syarak. Rasulullah s.a.w. bersabda yang bermaksud bahawa sebenci-benci perkara yang halal di sisi Allah s.w.t. ialah Talaq. Perceraian atau Talaq dalam Islam berlaku melalui beberapa cara iaitu talaq secara sareh, ta 'lik, fasakh dan sumpah li 'an. Talaq juga mempunyai syarat-syarat dan rukun-rukun tertentu. Bagaimanapun terdapat banyak laporan dalam media kini mengenai kes-kes perceraian yang dikendalikan di mahkamah-mahkamah syariah seluruh Malaysia melalui proses pengendalian dalam jangka masa yang panjang untuk diselesaikan. Keadaan ini menimbulkan masalah kepada wanita yang diceraikan dan diibaratkan gantung tidak bertali. Kelewatan ini juga mengakibatkan timbul masalah dari segi tuntutan nafkah, hak penjagaan anak-anak, nafkah anak-anak dan lain-lain. Oleh itu satu kajian menyeluruh perlu dilakukan bagi mengenali masalah yang dihadapi oleh Mahkamah Syariah Perlis dalam mengendalikan kes-kes perceraian

Knowledge based helpdesk system in Nuclear Malaysia

Knowledge based (K-based) Helpdesk system is a knowledge oriented web based system that provides support to business process of the technical service providers.It is a multi- centric system which focuses on end-users, technical workers and higher level management through utilization of knowledge which resides and grows within the system. The objectives of the system are to be a user-friendly, capture technical knowledge for efficient performance and educating users for self reliance.These were achieved through the improvement of the helpdesk business process and better management of technical knowledge. This system has been tested and implemented in Information Technology Center (IT), Engineering Division (BKJ) and Instrumentation and Automation Center (IAC) at the Malaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuclear Malaysia). Higher levels of user satisfaction and faster growth in technical knowledge repository have been recorded in the system.This paper describes the helpdesk system in the perspective of management of its technical knowledge contributing to strengthening organizational knowledge asset of Nuclear Malaysia as national nuclear research institution

Renal Diseases in Children Attending Pediatric Nephrology Centers of Dhaka City

Introduction: Renal diseases in children can be congenital or acquired. In Bangladesh, pediatric nephrology care is available for last 2 decades, but there was no epidemiological study to see the pattern of renal diseases in children of the country. So, this study was carried out to observe the pattern of renal diseases in children of pediatric nephrology centers of Dhaka city.Materials and Methods: The children aged 1 day to 18 years with renal problems attended at selected four pediatric nephrology centers of Dhaka city (BSMMU, DMCH, DSH and NIKDU).Results: Among 6453 patients, 1123 were admitted in IPD and 5330 were visited at OPD. Mean age was 5.8±3.5 years in IPD patients and 6.90±1.37 years in OPD patients. In IPD among 1123 patients, 720 (64.1%) were male and 403 (35.8%) were female and in OPD among 5330 patients 3336 (62.59%) were male and 1994 (37.4%) were female. Nephrotic Syndrome (76% in IPD and 74% in OPD) was the most common disease followed by chronic kidney disease (CKD 6%) in IPD and urinary tract infections (UTI 9.4%)in OPD were the next common disease. Common presentations were proteinuria (27.6%), oliguria or anuria (26.2%) and edema (25.7%).Conclusions: The current pattern of renal diseases shows, that the most common renal diseases are NS followed by CKD and UTI. In the study male patients are more common than female. Keywords: Nephrotic Syndrome; Chronic Kidney Disease; Congenital Anomalies of Kidney and Urinary Tract; Acute kidney injury

Spectrum of Hospital Acquired Acute Kidney Injury in Critically ill Children in a Tertiary Level Hospitall

Introduction: Although hospital acquired acute kidney injury (hAKI) is common and significantly increases the risk of hospital mortality, little is known about its frequency in developing countries where ICU facilities are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency, cause, and outcome of hAKI in critically ill children in a tertiary level hospital.Materials and Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, a total 36 critically ill patients with hAKI were analyzed. hAKI was diagnosed according to the AKIN criteria. The clinical data of the patients admitted to the Pediatrics and Allied Departments in this hospital from November 2014 to October 2015 were collected.Results: A total of 3950 patients were admitted during the study period and 1103 (27.9%) were critically ill patients. Among the critically ill children, 36 (3.3%) were diagnosed with hAKI. Among different age groups, the highest incidence (5.05%) of hAKI was seen in children aged above 10 years. Sepsis was the major cause of hAKI accounting for 44.1% followed by antibiotics (27.1%), hypovolemia (13.6%), nephrotoxic agents (10.2%), and contrast agents (5.0%). Renal replacement therapy was required only in 8.3% of the cases.Conclusions: In comparison to other studies, this study showed a low incidence of hAKI where ICU facilities are limited. Among the hospital admitted critically ill patients, a significant number of patients may develop AKI mostly due to sepsis and use of antibiotics. Keywords: Hospital acquired AKI; Sepsis; Critically ill children; Incidenc

Pelaksanaan langkah keselamatan Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP) COVID-19 di Pulau Gaya, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah

Artikel ini adalah berkaitan langkah-langkah keselamatan semasa pelaksanaan perintah kawalan pergerakan (PKP) di Pulau Gaya, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Pulau Gaya merupakan sebuah pulau yang terletak di kawasan bandar utama yang terbahagi kepada 6 perkampungan iaitu Kampung Pulau Gaya Asli, Kampung Lok Urai, Kampung Kesuapan, Kampung Pondoh, Kampung Lok Baru dan Kampung Lobong. Penularan wabak Covid-19 yang drastik sejak Disember 2019, hampir seluruh dunia terkesan daripada penyakit tersebut daripada pelbagai aspek iaitu dari segi ekonomi, sosial dan politik. Justeru itu, kerajaan Malaysia mengambil langkah bagi mengekang dan mengurangkan risiko penularan jangkitan yang berterusan kepada lebih ramai masyarakat, PKP dilaksanakan bermula pada 18 Mac 2020 dalam beberapa fasa. Langkah pelaksanaan PKP adalah dilihat sebagai satu tindakan yang baik dalam mengatasi penularan wabak ini. Dalam hal ini, pengkaji ingin melihat sendiri sejauhmana tanggungjawab pihak berwajib dan pelaksanaan PKP di kawasan Pulau Gaya khususnya dengan pendekatan kajian lapangan bagi mengedarkan borang soal selidik serta menemubual penduduk di Pulau Gaya. Objektif yang digariskan dalam kajian ini iaitu (i) menilai tindakan pihak bertanggungjawab terhadap pelaksanaan PKP di Pulau Gaya dan, (ii) mengkaji cadangan langkah penambahbaikan pelaksanaan PKP. Fokus penelitian kajian PKP di Pulau Gaya adalah pada fasa fasa I hingga fasa III sahaja kerana pada masa ini segala aktiviti ekonomi dan sosial adalah sangat terhad dan memberi kesan kepada pelbagai golongan masyakat secara keseluruhannya. Hasil penelitian kajian, membolehkan pelaksanaan PKP di kawasan Pulau Gaya dapat dikenalpasti dengan lebih mendalam

A network aware adaptable application using a novel content scheduling and delivery scheme

The aim of this research is to investigate techniques or methodologies that will allow networked applications to adapt to network conditions between end nodes in order to maintain a reasonable Quality of Service and to design, develop and test techniques for achieving such adaptability through the use of a novel content scheduling and delivery scheme. In order to achieve this adaptation, information regarding network conditions, both static and dynamic, has to be first gathered. Since various parties have already conducted substantial research in this area, the task was to review those network measurement techniques and adopt a suitable one for use in the subsequent research. Hence the research is concerned more on how to realize these techniques in practical terms and make those network parameters accessible to applications that are going to adapt based on them. A network measurement service utilizing a standard measurement tool was proposed, developed, tested and subsequently used throughout the project. In this way the research project implementation has help in trying to understand the impact of network measurement on the overall performance of the system and what network metrics are essential in order to help the application make better adaptation decision. The project proceeded further to develop and show case an adaptable network application using a novel scheme in which content was restructured and its delivery rescheduled taking account of the available bandwidth, the content structure, size and order of importance and user specified deadlines, which made use of the network measurement service. In so doing, the project sought to show how and when adaptation can be applied and its potential benefits or otherwise as compared to conventional applications based on best effort systems. The project has proved that by adapting according to the abovementioned scheme in the event of poor network performance, user specified deadlines can be satisfied by reducing the load with contents of high importance being delivered first while contents of less importance being delivered during idle time or user's reading time or ignored if the deadline could not be met. In most cases content of high importance are delivered faster in the adaptable system as compared to the conventional best effort system.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Usaha Kecil Di Indonesia

xii 298 ha

Perpaduan etnik dalam kepelbagaian di Sabah dari sudut pandang piagam Madinah

Perpaduan di kalangan masyarakat yang berbilang agama, etnik dan ras di Negeri Sabah. Setiap masyarakat berhak mencipta perpaduan dan keharmonian bersama. Saling menghormati antara satu dengan yang lainnya tanpa mengira latar belakang agama, kepercayaan, etnik, ras suku dan bangsa. Sehubungan dengan itu, warga Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) dilihat mampu hidup dalam harmoni. Bekerjasama dalam menjayakan pelbagai program, penyelidikan, konvensyen, seminar dan lain-lain kejayaan diraih bersama. Persoalan yang timbul apakah faktor yang mendorong seseorang untuk terus menjaga perpaduan dan keharmonian etnik dalam kepelbagaian. Selain itu, bagaimana bentuk perpaduan di kalangan warga UMS jika ditinjau dari sudut pandang piagam Madinah. Seterusnya apakah cabaran semasa yang boleh menghalang wujudnya perpaduan kaum dalam kalangan masyarakat. Berdasarkan persoalan di atas, kertas kerja ini bertujuan: i. untuk mengetahui apakah faktor yang mendorong seseorang untuk terus menjaga perpaduan. ii. untuk mengkaji bentuk perpaduan etnik dalam kepelbagaian di Universiti Malaysia Sabah dari sudut pandang piagam Madinah. iii. untuk mengenal pasti cabaran semasa yang boleh menghalang wujudnya perpaduan kaum dalam kalangan warga UMS dan langkah untuk mengatasinya. Kajian ini juga akan memfokuskan warga Universiti Malaysia Sabah UMS sahaja. Kajian ini berbentuk kualitatif iaitu dengan menemu bual beberapa orang ketua program, staf dan juga pensyarah. Menggunakan analisis dalil-dalil dari al-Quran dan alHadis sebagai sumber primer serta artikel, jurnal dan buku-buku berkaitan tajuk sebagai sumber sekunder. Hasil temu bual, kajian mendapati bahawa berlaku perpaduan sosial yang ditakrifkan dalam bentuk interaksi amalan seharian serta dapat menerima konsep kepelbagaian jika ditinjau dinamik hubungan tersebut dari sudut pandang Piagam Madinah